September 03, 2004

Wilderness protection campaign begins

By Rick Steelhammer
Staff writer The
Charleston Gazette

Forty years after President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the national Wilderness Act into law, a new effort is under way in West Virginia to bring federal wilderness protection to tracts of remote wildlands in the Monongahela National Forest .

Among those seeking to add new wilderness areas to the Mon is Ed Zahniser of Harpers Ferry , son of Howard Zahniser, executive director of The Wilderness Society, who wrote the law that was enacted Sept. 3, 1964 , creating the National Wilderness Preservation System.

Zahniser, who works for the National Park Service�s national publications office, is a member of the West Virginia Wilderness Coalition, a joint venture of the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy and the state chapters of the Sierra Club and The Wilderness Society.

The coalition hopes to create enough public and congressional support to bring wilderness status to at least parts of 14 large, remote tracts identified by Monongahela National Forest planners as meeting federal wilderness guidelines.

�One of the remarkable things about the Monongahela National Forest is the fact that there are a number of large, significant roadless areas within its boundaries,� Zahniser said. �That�s rare on public lands in the East.�

The Mon�s 14 prospective wilderness areas were identified as part of a periodic review of its forest-management plan. In November, Forest Service planners are scheduled to assess whether a public need exists for designating any or all of the remote tracts wilderness areas. Ultimately, Congress will decide which, if any, of the areas will become part of the national wilderness system.

Under a wilderness designation, hunting, fishing, hiking, horseback riding and backcountry camping are allowed, but logging, road building, campground development, mineral extraction and motorized vehicle use � including mountain bikes � are not.

�The forest�s planning process provides a good opportunity to make people aware of these areas, and get the public involved in the decision-making process,� Zahniser said. �It�s not the last shot we�ll have at wilderness designation for these places, but it�s a good one.�

To qualify for wilderness status, prospective tracts of federal land in the East must consist of at least 5,000 acres, contain no more than one-half mile of improved road for each 1,000 acres, and have or be regaining �a natural, untrammeled appearance.�

West Virginia has five Monongahela National Forest wilderness areas � Cranberry, Dolly Sods, Otter Creek, Laurel Fork North and Laurel Fork South � encompassing more than 78,000, or about 9 percent of the forest.

�The average national forest is about 18 percent wilderness,� said Zahniser.

According to Matt Keller, wilderness coordinator for the West Virginia Wilderness Coalition, less than 4 percent of the nation�s wilderness-designated land can be found east of the Mississippi , where more than 60 percent of the population lives.

The most recent addition to the national wilderness system in West Virginia took place 21 years ago, when Congress voted to include the Cranberry and Laurel Fork wilderness areas.

Support for wilderness areas historically has been strong among West Virginia �s congressional delegation.

William Ramsey Laird was one of 10 original co-sponsors of the Wilderness Act during his nine-month term in the Senate, after the death of Sen. Harley M. Kilgore, D-W.Va. Sen. Robert C. Byrd, D-W.Va., was one of the bill�s champions during floor debates in the early 1960s. Former Rep. Ken Hechler, D-W.Va., was instrumental in introducing and passing the Eastern Wilderness Act of 1975, which paved the way for creation of the Dolly Sods and Otter Creek wilderness areas.

�I�ve been to Dolly Sods many times,� said Zahniser, who has lived in West Virginia for the past 24 years. �For me, being up there in the highlands with the spruce and the cranberry bogs, it�s like a trip to Colorado .�

Among prospective wilderness areas the West Virginia Wilderness Coalition is seeking to protect are:

  A 12,000-acre addition to the 35,864-acre Cranberry Wilderness Area, which would create one of the largest wilderness areas in the East.

  A 25,000-acre Seneca Creek Wilderness, including 8 miles of Seneca Creek, considered one of the nation�s best wild trout streams. The Pendleton County tract is one of the largest remaining roadless areas in the East.

  A 7,443-acre Spice Run Wilderness rising from the Greenbrier River along the Pocahontas-Greenbrier county line, including three native brook trout streams in one of the state�s most remote locales.

  A 6,500-acre Roaring Plains Wilderness just south of Dolly Sods, encompassing some of the state�s most rugged terrain and spectacular landscapes.

What makes a wilderness?

Here�s how Howard Zahniser defined it in the opening words to the Wilderness Act:

�A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.�

�Wilderness is very important as a contrast to our consumeristic and materialistic way of life,� added his son. �It provides opportunities for solitude and reflection away from the world we have constructed and gives us a chance to experience interdependence with all of life � the whole community of life on earth. As Aldo Leopold said, it�s an antidote to our biotic arrogance � our notion that we can alter anything on earth with no long-term consequences.�

Although Zahniser�s father died four months before his Wilderness Act became law, �he knew it had enough votes to pass � it was just a matter of getting the bill reported,� Ed Zahniser said.

�He devoted the last eight or nine years of his life to the wilderness bill. Probably the hardest part of it was keeping a coalition working and focused for that length of time.�

Zahniser said he calls his mother, now 86, on each anniversary of the bill�s passage, to remind her of her husband�s achievement �and of her own sacrifice.�

To contact staff writer Rick Steelhammer, use e-mail or call 348-5169.

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